A compact diving duck with a puffy head and short thick bill. The forehead is extremely steep; sometimes extending forward from the base of the bill. This feature is often the most reliable for distinguishing female and young birds from the similar Common Goldeneye. Male: Black head with purple iridescence and a black bill. A crescent-shaped white patch separates the bill from the yellow eye. Breast, sides, and belly are bright white. The back and tail area are black, with a row of white square spots running along the folded wing. A short black bar extends from the shoulder, separating the breast from the sides. Males in basic plumage resemble females. Female: Dark brown head. The bill is mostly yellow with small areas of black. Body is gray overall with a whitish belly and white speculum. Neck appears white when outstretched. Young birds are gray-brown overall with dark bills and white bellies.

Length: 41 (cm) Wingspan: 76 (cm)

Voice:

Usually silent. In flight, wings produce a rapid whistle.

Habitat:

Nests near small lakes surrounded by forest. Winters in coastal waters and large lakes and rivers that remain ice-free.

Behavior:

Nests in tree cavities and nest boxes. Otherwise, spends most of its time on the water. Requires a running start before taking flight.

Feeding:

Dives for aquatic insects, mollusks, crustaceans, and fish.